##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.sidebar##

Download
pdf

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##

Abstract

This study was aim to determine the microbial content in the intestines of broilers treated with water extract of carnation flowers for drinking water, represented by the logarithmic numbers of intestinal and colon bacteria, 180 broiler chicks Ross308 were used, distributed randomly into four treatments, each treatment consisted of 45 chicks, with three replicates per treatment and 15 chicks per replicate. The experimental treatments comprised of four groups: T1, which served as the control treatment without any addition, T2, T3, and T4: adding water extract of carnation flowers at a rate of 200, 300 and 400 ml / liter of drinking water, respectively. Measurements were taken at the fifth week. According to the results, the addition treatments showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the numbers of total aerobic bacteria and coliform bacteria when compared to the control treatment, the percentage of the decrease with the increase in the percentage of addition of the extract, with a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the numbers of anaerobic bacteria Lactobacilli bacteria for the addition treatments compared to the control treatment, the percentage of rise increases with the increase in the percentage of addition of the extract compared to the control treatment.

Keywords

microbial characteristics broiler intestiens

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Zaman K.F. AL-Mhsenawi, Majid H.A. Al-Asadi, Sabah K.M. AL- hummod, & Ali M. Al-Aboudi. (2023). Effect of adding water extract of Syzigium aromaticum to drinking water in the microbial characteristics of broiler intestines. Texas Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 16, 16–23. Retrieved from https://www.zienjournals.com/index.php/tjabs/article/view/3893

References

  1. Abbas, F.A. (2010). Effect of Syygium aromaticum and Uucalyptus on some types of fungus Alternaria isolated from the roots of the plant Al-Albana, Basrah Research Journal Number: 36: 1817-2695.
  2. Ahmad, A., A.M. Viljoen and H.Y. (2015). Chenia, The impact of plant volatiles on bacterial quorum sensing. Lett. Appl. Microbial., 60: 8–19.
  3. Astani, A., J. Reichling, and P. Schnitzler (2009). Posting date. Screening for antiviral activities of isolated compounds from essential oils. Evidence-based complement. Alternat. Med.
  4. Ben Arfa, A., S. Combes, L. Preziosi-Belloy, N. Gontard, and P. Chalier (2006). Antimicrobial activity of carvacrol related to its chemical structure. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 43:149–154.
  5. Blaszyk, M., and R.A. Holley (1998). Interaction of monolaurin, eugenol an sodium citrate on growth of common meat spoilage and pathogenic organisms Int. J. Food Microbiol. 39:175–183.
  6. Bowers, J.H. and C.L. James (2000). Effect of botanical extract on the population density of Fusarium oxysporum in soil and control of Fusarium wilt in the green house. Journal of the American oil chemists Society .84(3):300-305.
  7. Burt, S. (2004). Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods- a review. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 94:223-253.
  8. Chami, N., S. Bennis, F. Chami, A. Aboussekhra, and A. Remmal (2005). Study of anticandidal activity of carvacrol and eugenol in vitro and in vivo. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 20:106-111.
  9. Clinical and Laboratory, Standards Institute (2005). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 15th informational supplement. CLSI/NCCLS document M100–S15. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA.
  10. Duncan, D. R. (1955). Multiple range and multiple F. test. J. Biometrics., 11:1-42.
  11. Dorman, H.J.D. and S.G. Deans (2000). Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J. Appl. Microbiol. 88, 308–316.
  12. Fazaa, S.A. (2013). Effect of water extract of carnation on some bacterial isolates Causing gingivitis. Al-Kufa Journal for Biology : Vol 5, No 1.
  13. Friedman, M., P.R. Henika, and R.E. Mandrell (2002). Bactericidal activities of plant essential oils and some of their isolated constituents against Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica. J. Food Prot. 65, 1545–1560.
  14. Gill, A.O. and R.A. Holley (2004). Mechanisms of bactericidal action of cinnamaldehyde against Listeria monocytogenes and of eugenol against L. monocytogenes and Lactobacillus sakei. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:5750– 5755.
  15. Hernandez, F., J. Madrid, V. Garcia, J. Orengo and M.D. Megis (2004). Influence of two plant extracts on broilers performance, digestibility, and digestive organ size. Poultry Science, 83(2): 169–174.
  16. Hussein, K.J. (2015). Molecular and predictive characterization of some species of carnation. The Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences – 46(5): 793-801.
  17. Jamroz, D., T. Wertelecki, M. Houszka and C. Kamel (2006). Influence of diet type on the inclusion of plant origin active substances on morphological and histochemical characteristics of the stomach and jejunum walls in chicken. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 90: 2555–2568.
  18. Jay, J.J. and G.M. Rivers (2007). Antimicrobial activity of some food flavoring compounds. J. Food Saf. 6:129–139.
  19. Juven, B.J., J. Kanner, F. Schved and H. Weisslowicz (1994). Factors that interact with the antibiotic action of thyme essential oil and its active constituents. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 76:626–631.
  20. Koh, C.L., C.K. Sam, W.F. Yin, L.Y. Tan, T. Krishnan, Y.M. Chong and K.G. Chan (2013). Plant-derived natural products as sources of anti-quorum sensing compounds. Sensors 13: 6217-6228.
  21. Mandalawi, H.A. (2005). Evaluation of the addition of different levels of bioreactor (Probiatic Iraq) to the factors in the production and physiological performance and immune response of meat breeds Ross. Master Thesis. college of Agriculture . Baghdad University.
  22. Michiels, J., J.A.M. Missotten, D. Fremaut, S. De Smet and N.A. Dierick (2009). In vitro characterisation of the antimicrobial activity of selected essential oil components and binary combinations against the pig gut flora. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 151, 111–127.
  23. Mohamed, M.N. and Z.A. Ali (2015). Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Hot Water Extract of Some Medicinal Plants on the Growth of Fusarium oxysporium and Rhizoctonia solani under Different Laboratory Temperatures. Journal of the University of Babylon. Pure and Applied Sciences. (3) Volume (23).
  24. Mohammed, M.J., and F.A. Al-Bayati (2009). Isolation and identification of antibacterial compounds from Thymus kotschyanus aerial parts and Dianthus caryophyllus flower buds. Phytomedicine, 16:632-637.
  25. Montes, B.R. and A.M. Prados (2006). Influence of plant extracts on Sclerotium cepivorum development . Plant Pathology Journal.5(3):373-377.
  26. Mooyottu, S., A. Kollanoor-Johny, G. Flock, L. Bouillaut, A. Upadhyay, A.L. Sonenshein, K. Venkitanarayanan and K. Carvacrol (2014). trans-cinnamaldehyde reduce Clostridium difficile toxin production and cytotoxicity in vitro. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 15: 4415-4430.
  27. N.R.C. (1994). National Research Council. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th edn. Nat. Acad. Sci.. Washington, D.C.:176pp.
  28. Ouwehand, A.C., K. Tiihonen, H. Kettunen, S. Peuranen, H. Schulze and N. Rautonen (2010). In vitro effects of essential oils on potential pathogens and beneficial members of the normal microbiota. Veterinarni Medicina, 55: 71–78.
  29. Pasqua, D., R. Betts, G. Hoskins, N. Edwards, M. Ercolini, D. Maurello and G. (2007). Membrane toxicity of antimicrobial compounds from essential oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55: 4863–4870.
  30. Qiu, J., H. Feng, J. Lu, H. Xiang, D. Wang, J. Dong and X. Deng (2010). Eugenol reduces the expression of virulence-related exoproteins in Staphylococcus aureus. Appl. Environ. Microb., 76: 5846-5851.
  31. Reichling, J. (2010). Plant-Microbe Interactions and Secondary Metabolites with Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antiviral Properties. Ann. Plant. Rev., 39: 214-347.
  32. Statistical Analysis System .2001. User’s Guide: Statistics, Version 8.2. SAS Institute, NC, USA.
  33. Scherer R., R. Albuquerque, S.B. Junior and H.T. Godoy (2014). Microencapsulated Eucalyptol and Eugenol as Growth Promoters in Broilers. rebrapa.v5i1.157.
  34. Stamp, N. (2003). Out of the quagmire of plant defense hypotheses. Q. Rev. Biol., 78, 23–55.
  35. Tiihonen, K., A. Ouwehand, M. Saarinen and H. Schulze (2010). The effect of feeding essential oils on broiler performance and gut microbiota. British Poultry Science, 51: 3, 381-392.
  36. Upadhyay, A., A.K. Johny, M.A.R. Amalaradjou, S.A. Baskaran, K.S. Kim and K. Venkitanarayanan (2012). Plant-derived antimicrobials reduce Listeria monocytogenes virulence factors in vitro, and down-regulate expression of virulence genes. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 157: 88-94.
  37. Upadhyay, A., I. Upadhyaya, A. Kollanoor-Johny and K. Venkitanarayanan (2014). Combating pathogenic microorganisms using plant-derived antimicrobials: A Minireview of the mechanistic basis. Biomed. Res. Int., 1-18.
  38. Upadhyaya, I.; A. Upadhyay, A. Kollanoor-Johny, M.J. Darre and K. Venkitanarayanan (2013). Effect of plant derived antimicrobials on Salmonella Enteritidis adhesion to and invasion of primary chicken oviduct epithelial cells in vitro and virulence gene expression. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 14: 10608-10625.